Public star party at Glacier Point, Yosemite National ParkOur tent and telescopes, OSP, Ochoco National Forest, OR
I was inspired to hum this old hobo ballad and change the words a little
after a summer observing trip to Glacier Point in Yosemite National
Park. For you musicologists, I added my “observations” to the 1928
recording of Big Rock Candy Mountain by Harry McClintock. This version
is featured in the movie soundtrack of O Brother, Where Art Thou?.
Feel free to hum along. 🙂
One evening as the sun went down and the campfire light was burning
Down the track came a star-girl hiking, and she said “boys I’m not
turning
I’m headed for a land that’s far away, below the starry fountains
So come with me, we’ll go and see the Big Eye Candy Mountains”
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains there’s a land that’s fair and bright
Where the Naglers grow on bushes and you star gaze every night
Where the seeing is fantastic, transparency supreme
On the swan and the bees and the planetary seas
The Milky Way springs where Cygnus wings
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains all the ‘scopes have sturdy legs
And your can use high power when the seeing condition begs
The doubles split so easily, and planetary moons are disks
Oh I’m bound to go where there ain’t no glow
Where the meteors fall, and the wind don’t blow
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains you never change your socks
And the little streams of Fosters Beer come a-trickling down the rocks
The horizon view is full of stars and the zenith darker yet
There’s a universe for you and a galaxy or two
You can starhop all around ’em with a wide-field view
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains the restrooms are nearby
And you can see the Milky Way above you in the sky
There ain’t no used car dealerships, no streetlights, cars or malls
I’m a-goin’ to stay where I sleep all day
Snuggling in my tent with my favorite gent 🙂
In the Big Eye Candy Mountains
I’ll see you soon this comin’ new moon in the Big Eye Candy Mountains
Galileo’s drawing of the third quarter moon was made on December 18, 1609 according to widely accepted dates calculated by lunar scientist Ewen Whitaker. He used the solar colongitude and the latitude of the subsolar point on the moon to determine the position of the terminator. You can read more about it here on the Reliving Galileo’s Observations page (sorry, this link is gone as of Oct 2011). Refer to his Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 9, p.155 Galileo’s Lunar Observations and the Dating of the Composition of Sidereus Nuncius article.
You’ll have to scroll through the long article to find the colongitude and solar latitude of the original four engravings and seven small drawings. But you’ll find modern dates with a similar view of the moon. I was delighted to find that my sketch made on July 14, 2009 matched one of the 4 engraving dates!
The predicted “modern” dates refer to the pattern of lighting and the position of the terminator relative to the surface features. Libration will make the craters and other features displaced somewhat with respect to Galileo’s drawings. Most folks do not actually see any resemblance between now and then, but it is a great project – sketching Galileo’s 400 year-old moon in a 21st century way.
There is a quite a bit of agreement about the ”center” crater in Galileo’s sketch. It is most likely Albategnius. It was just on the terminator in my sketch too, and I accidentally made the crater a little larger than it really is. It’s just human nature I guess. Other features I can ID on both Galileo’s and my drawing are Mare Imbrium on both sides of the terminator, including some higher parts of Montes Caucasus lit on the unlit side of the terminator. I also can match the ghostly but well-lit trio of Ptolemaeus, Alphonsus and Arzachel just next to Albategnius on Galileo’s sketch, and I saw and sketched them too. Other sunlit Mare – Humorum (left) and Nubium (right) below Albagetnius also match up nicely.
The moon rises later each evening now. That means a late night for sketchers. Luckily my small 70mm Televue Ranger on a telepod mount requires no setup. I keep it permanently set up in the garage.
The features I’ve sketched on the 18-day moon begin with sunset on Mare Crisium – on the terminator to the left on my sketch. Plato is the dark oval at north (top), with Mare Frigoris encircling it to the north.
The large mare closer to the terminator are Mare Serinitatis and Mare Tranquillatis. Mare Nectaris is the oval sea south of Tranquillatis. Mare Imbrium is the largest lunar basin on the moon – the large feature below (south of) Plato. It’s between Plato to the north and Copernicus and Kepler to the south.
Grimaldi, one of my favorite lunar features is the dark oval flooded basin to the right, south of Kepler. On nights of favorable libration, beyond Grimaldi, the ridges of Mare Orientale appear. Did I leave out Tycho? It is the magnificent crater to the south of Mare Nubium. Tycho’s long rays span 1800 km from Tycho to the small crater Rosse in Mare Nectaris. You can actually follow the ray to Rosse in my sketch!
There is so much to see and study on a the moon, especially if you have a lunar map. The nights after the full moon are wonderful lunar observing nights, if only you can stay up to observe on them!
Galileo noted a fixt star (at left), now known to be Neptune on this sketch from December 28, 1612Skymap Pro chart of Jupiter and Neptune (the square at left), December 28, 1612My sketch of Neptune with Jupiter and the Galilean moons
Galileo made the first recorded observation of Neptune in 1612 when Neptune appeared to be close to Jupiter from his viewpoint on Earth. The”fixed star” Galileo noted to left of Jupiter (the left most star) on his December 28, 1612 sketch was actually Neptune! The two planets appear close to each other several times this year.
This year, both planets come to opposition in August and for several months on either side of opposition, the two planets appear to temporarily move backwards against the background stars. This is called retrograde motion, and they pass near each other three times this year. On May 26, the planets were only 23′ (or 23 arc minutes) apart. On July 9th, near when I made my sketch, the two planets appeared 33.5′ apart. And on December 21, the Winter Solstice, you can look for Neptune below Jupiter, 32′ distant. This is a great time to easily see both planets in the same low power field of view through a telescope! At higher magnification, they won’t be in the same telescopic field of view, but you’ll find Neptune with just a small nudge or “go-to” to the North.
Galileo observed Neptune in December 28, 1612 and again one month later on January 27, 1613. Then, on the next night, he noted that the two stars seemed further apart. If he had observed the two objects again on the next few nights he would have realized that one of the “stars” was moving.
If you have a chance to look at Jupiter in July 2009, you’ll easily spot Neptune if you know where to look. Here is a star chart for July 25th showing the location of both planets low in the southeast at 11:30 p.m. They are rising, and will be higher in the sky later on. And here is a closeup star chart showing the tip of Capricornus. Use this chart to locate Jupiter in your eyepiece, and then you can easily follow the stars to Neptune. These star charts are made by Sky Map Software.
Neptune’s color in the telescope view is striking! It stands out as a bluish star to the north of Jupiter – about twice the distance north as the width of Jupiter and moons. After I sketched the pair of planets, I revved up the charting software, Sky Map Pro, and entered December 28, 1612. I was amazed to see the planets and moons layed out nearly as Galileo observed them. This may sound silly to you, but that 400 year-old view of the planetary lineup on 21st century software just took my breath away!
It’s just a few days until Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows, ‘Part 2’ opens, so I am updating my literary stargazing project. I even added a few new objects to the list. So head up to the astronomy tower at your own Hogwarts and look up into the summer night sky. Did you buy a telescope at the telescope shop in Diagon Alley like Harry Potter’s collapsible brass telescope? If not, don’t worry, most of these objects can be seen just using your eyes. Have fun and let me know if you complete your O.W.L. – in Literary Stargazing.
Here is a July 2011 star chart where you can find many of the constellations and stars listed below. Use it to find the summer Harry Potter objects such as the constellations Draco, Cygnus and Scorpius, plus stars Arcturus and Sinestra (in the constellation Ophiuchus – it’s the star at the end of the arm holding the snake Serpens Cauda). The constellation Phoenix is a challenging object in the southern sky — try looking for it in November. Many of these objects are best seen at other times of the year. Make your own StarWheel and find out when and where to look.
This article was researched, compiled, written and observed by Jane Houston Jones, Caroline Sakaguchi Kunioka, Elizabeth and Catherine Spiers. More about the authors at the end of the article.
Elizabeth, Caroline, Catherine and Jane form a girl cluster before observing the Harry Potter Objects
What do Sirius, Arcturus and Pollux have in common, besides being the brightest stars in their respective constellations? They are all characters in the popular Harry Potter books! Translated into over 70 languages, these books have universal appeal, and this project paves the way to introduce amateur astronomy to a new generation of stargazers.
This list might be just the “hook” to get your favorite muggle or wizard to step outside for a night of stargazing. “Come see Sirius Black’s star” or “Let’s try to find Draco Malfoy’s constellation” could be the beginning of a family, museum, planetarium, or community star party. Or head over to your favorite bookstore, library or movie theater for some sidewalk astronomy, especially if Luna is in the sky.
The Harry Potter Objects
Observe and/or read about these objects for your honorary O.W.L. – Ordinary Wizarding Level award in Literary Stargazing
Sirius – Sirius Black
Arcturus – Arcturus Black
Regulus – Regulus Black
Pollux – Pollux Black
Alphard – Alphard Black
Bellatrix – Bellatrix (Black) Lestrange
Merope – Merope (Gaunt) Riddle
Sinistra – Professor Aurora Sinistra, Astronomy Professor
Eta Argus – Argus Filch
Rastaban – Rastaban Lestrange
Cygnus – Cygnus Black
Orion – Orion Black
Andromeda – Andromeda aka Dromeda (Black) Tonks
Cassiopeia – Cassiopeia Black is the Great Aunt of Sirius Black
Draco – Draco Malfoy
Scorpius – Scorpius Malfoy
Luna – Luna Lovegood
Phoenix – The Order of the Phoenix
Aquila – Ravenclaw animal is a golden eagle
Leo – Gryffindor animal is a golden lion
Serpens, Hydra – Slytherin animal is a silver snake
Vulpecula, Lynx, Lupus – Hufflepuff animal is a badger. The Fox, Lynx and Wolf constellations are the closest to a badger.
Read about these additional objects and you will earn your honorary N.E.W.T. – Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests award in Advanced Literary Stargazing.
Albus 1 – Albus Dumbledore
Amycus 55576 – Amycus Carrow is a Death Eater
Ginevra 613 – Ginevra (Ginny) Weasley
Hermione 121 – Hermione Granger
Fenrir – Fenrir Greyback
Here is the detail on each object and each character from the books or from the Genealogy charts:
Sirius – Alpha Canis Majoris From Orion, look south and to the east to find brilliant Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. Sirius is also the brightest star in the constellation Canis Major, the Greater Dog. Canis Major is Orion’s larger hunting dog. Sirius is only 8.6 light years away, making it a popular “birthday star” for your favorite 8-year old. It’s a white class A (A1) hydrogen-fusing main sequence dwarf, shining at magnitude -1.46. Best seen in the winter.
Sirius Black is Harry Potter’s godfather. Sirius can turn himself into a black dog. His nickname, Padfoot, is a name North Englanders have for the magical black dogs who guard graveyards and can vanish instantly.
Arcturus – Alpha Boötis Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Boötes. Arcturus, the “Bear Watcher,” follows Ursa Major, the Great Bear, around the pole. Arcturus is 37 light years away. It is a classic orange class K (K1) giant star shining at –0.04. Best seen in the summer.
Arcturus Black is Sirius Black’s grandfather
Regulus – Alpha Leonis Regulus is the heart of Leo the Lion. At a distance of only 77 light years, it shines in our sky at magnitude 1.35. In Latin it means “the little king”. Regulus is bluish-white class B (B7) main sequence star. Best seen in the spring.
Regulus Black is Sirius Black’s younger and more beloved brother. Readers never meet him directly. Regulus became a Death Eater at the age of 16. Regulus Black was stronger, braver and more like his brother than anyone knew. Regulus, the star, is the heart of the lion, which is the sign of the house of Griffindor.
Pollux – Beta Geminorum Pollux is a star with a planet, and one of the “twin” stars Castor and Pollux of the constellation Gemini. They are twins in mythology only. Pollux is an orange-colored cool class K (K0) giant with a planet is 34 light years away, while Castor is white and 50 light years away. The planet orbiting Pollux has a mass 3 times that of Jupiter, orbits in a nearly circular path at a average distance of 1.69 Astronomical Units (11 percent farther than Mars is from the Sun) with a period of 590 days (1.6 years). Best seen in the winter.
Pollux Black – the maternal grandfather of Sirius Black.
Alphard – Alpha Hydrae Alphard is not well known, but is surprisingly prominent. Alphard dominates the dim constellation Hydra, the Water Serpent, where it marks the heart of the snake. The star is an orange class K (K3) giant 175 light years away, shining at magnitude 1.98. It is found in a blank area of the sky, and its Arabic name means “the solitary one.” Best seen in the spring.
Alphard Black – Sirius Black’s uncle. He left his money to Sirius. For this gesture, he was disowned by the Black family. He is represented by a burn mark on the family tapestry. Readers find that very few Blacks loved Sirius, and so perhaps, Alphard’s name is fitting. It is also interesting that Alphard Black was a student in the house of Slytherin.
Bellatrix – Gamma Orionis Bellatrix is a blue-white and luminous star shining at magnitude 1.64. It is one of the hotter naked eye stars, at the hot end of class B (B2) and is 240 light years distant. The name Bellatrix translates from Latin as “the female warrior”, and sometimes the “Amazon Star.” Best seen in the winter.
Bellatrix (Black) Lestrange – Sirius Black’s cousin and killer. She spent time in Azkaban prison for giving Unforgivable Curses and for torturing Frank and Alice Longbottom.
Merope – or 23 Tauri, one of the Pleiades. Merope shines at a faint 4.18 magnitude and is 385 light years distant. The Pleiades is a cluster of brilliant blue white class B (B6) stars. They are named for the daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Merope is 4th in brightness and is famous for its surrounding cloud of dusty gas which is named the Merope Nebula, or IC 349. The Pleiades stars are not hot enough to ionize the gas and make it glow. Instead, the dust grains embedded in the cloud scatter and reflect the starlight, and we see this starlight as the Pleiades Reflection nebula. Originally thought to be a remnant of the stellar birth, it is really a chance encounter. The cluster is passing through a random interstellar cloud, and the Pleiades leave a wake as the cloud rushes by. Best seen in winter.
Merope (Gaunt) Riddle – Merope tricked Tom Riddle into marrying her with a love potion. Later she gave birth to a son at a Muggle orphanage and died after naming her child Tom Marvolo Riddle. Merope Gaunt is named after a stunningly apt myth. Merope was the youngest of the sisters and the only one to marry a mortal. Accounts differ as to whether she hid herself in shame or whether her star faded away as a result.
Sinistra – Nu Ophiuchi Sinistra is a magnitude 3.5 orange spectral class K (KO) star in the constellation Ophiuchus. It carries the traditional Latin name Sinistra, meaning “left” or “left hand” despite the fact that Nu Ophiuchi marks the Serpent Bearer’s right hand. It is 155 light years from Earth. Best seen in the summer. To find Sinistra on the star chart, look for where the constellation Ophiuchus intersects Serpens Cauda. think of that as the hand of Ophiuchus, grasping the serpent.
Professor Aurora Sinistra teaches Astronomy at Hogwarts. The class is taught at midnight in the highest tower at Hogwarts offering the best view of the night sky. Students study the night sky to chart the stars, moons, and planets. For homework, students have made models of the planets, moons, and stars. Her first name “Aurora” implies the professor is a “light” witch, not a practitioner of the dark arts, and a student of the skies.
Eta Argus was formerly in the constellation Argus, now part of the keel of the constellation, Carina. English astronomer Francis Abbot was sentenced to 7 years transportation, and sent to Hobart Town,Tasmania to serve his sentence in 1844. After serving his sentence he became a flourishing businessman and respected astronomer, who was the first to draw attention to the changes in the variable star Eta Argus. This star is now known as Eta Carinae or Eta Carina. Since this object is visible to observers in the southern hemisphere, you can observe the beautiful Hubble image instead.
Argus Filch is the Hogwarts caretaker. He’s a cantankerous, nasty man who detests the students.
Rastaban – Beta Draconis Rastaban is the third brightest star in the constellation of Draco. It is a G-type giant star, with spectral class G2 and an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 2.79. Its distance from the Sun is around 360 light years. It is a binary star, with a binary star designation of ADS 10611, in which the supergiant is orbited by a dwarf companion once every four millennia or so.
Bellatrix Lestrange’s brother-in-law is Rabastan Lestrange. (I know the spelling is different)
Cygnus
Cygnus Black is Sirius Black’s Uncle
Orion
Orion Black is the Father of Sirius and Regulus Black
Andromeda
Andromeda (Black), a pure-blood witch was the widow of Ted Tonks, mother of Nymphadora Tonks, who preferred to be called Tonks or sometimes Dora. She was the mother-in-law of Remus Lupin and grandmother of Ted Lupin. She was Sirius Black’s favorite cousin
Cassiopeia
Cassiopeia Black is the Great Aunt of Sirius Black
Draco
Draco Malfoy is a Slytherin student and Harry Potter’s arch enemy.
Scorpius
Scorpius Malfoy – son to Draco, referred to in epilogue.
Luna – The name “Luna” is Latin for the moon.
Luna Lovegood is a student in Ravenclaw and in Ginny Weasley’s class. She is absentminded and has unconventional patterns of thought. The moon was once thought to induce insanity, but we now know it induces observing enjoyment. Luna’s nickname is Loony.
Phoenix
Order of the Phoenix – The Order is a group of witches and wizards, led by Hogwarts headmaster Albus Dumbledore, dedicated to fighting evil Lord Voldemort and his followers.
Aquila is the animal of the Ravenclaw House Leo is the animal of the Gryffindor Gouse Serpens, Hydra is the animal of the Slytherin House Vulpecula, Lynx, Lupus reminds us of the badger, who has no constellation, Hufflepuff’s animal.
Extra Credit – these are some challenging or impossible objects to see. But they have a Harry Potter connection, so they are fun to learn about.
Amycus 55576 is a Centaur – half asteroid, half comet.
Amycus Carrow is a Death Eater.
Ginevra 613 Ginevra is a minor planet orbiting the Sun.
Ginevra Molly “Ginny” Weasley is a pure-blood witch, and the first female to be born into the Weasley line for several generations.
Hermione 121 is an asteroid I have actually seen through my own telescope, during an occultation. Here is more information about Hermione, the asteroid.
Hermione Jean Granger is a Muggle-born Gryffindor student
Albus 1 – A Very Bright White Dwarf Candidate. Albus 1 is a DA-type white dwarf located at about 40 pc. If its nature is confirmed, Albus 1 would be the sixth brightest isolated white dwarf in the sky, which would make it an excellent spectrophotometric standard.
Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore – headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
Fenrir is a moon of Saturn. Retrograde satellites are named after Norse giants.
Fenrir Greyback is the name of a violent werewolf whose allegiance lies with the Death Eaters.
About the authors/observers: Jane Houston Jones wrote the astronomy segments and edited the whole writeup. Caroline Sakaguchi Kunioka researched and wrote the Potter segments, edited Jane’s edits and came up with the idea in the first place. Elizabeth and Catherine are our younger sidewalk astronomers, both with their own telescopes. Elizabeth is an avid Potter fan who contributed Potter lore and lots of details to the project. Catherine enjoyed looking for the objects in the night sky, and helped field test the list at our favorite desert observing locations. All four of us are active members of the Old Town Sidewalk Astronomers, and we all love to read books, too.
The full moon rises as the sun sets on the 14th day of the lunar month. A small telescope, such as the 70mm f.8.7 Televue Ranger I’m using for this series of sketches is a perfect instrument for full moon viewing. So are binoculars. The moon is a very generous target, and even the least expensive department store telescope will provide you many hours, days, months and years of inexpensive lunar observing fun!
The features you see on the full moon night are so different than the other nights. There are no shadows! So the features which stand out are the more reflective (bright white young craters and their ejecta) or the darker, less reflective mare.
Many new lunar observers think the full moon is too bright to view through a telescope. It’s not, but there are some tricks you can use to make your full moon view more enjoyable. One trick I like is to use a higher power eyepiece when viewing the full moon. That higher magnification dims the apparent brightness of the full moon. Another trick is to observe the full moon next to a streetlight or normal outdoor house lighting. We hate those lights when they ruin our dark skies, but they don’t hurt lunar viewing one bit, in fact they improve it! I don’t like to use moon filters or neutral density or polarizing filters when observing the moon. They diminish the sharpness of the features I want to view.
There are so many features I can identify on these sketches, but I’ll just mention the ones I have not covered before. My center sketch seems to be a little better than the “final” lower one. I can see, in addition to the great rayed craters Copernicus, Tycho and Kepler, lots of small bright white craters or ejecta. Proclus and Messier are near Mare Crisium, but it will take a map for you to find them. Proclus is a crater that is actually visible to the unaided eye at full moon, but I didn’t capture it on my sketch very well, probably because I made this sketch after midnight on a mid-week work night!
It’s showtime! Sunlight reveals most of the lunar surface and the moon is visible all night long.
Sinus Iridum — the Bay of Rainbows — is visible near the north part (left in my sketch) of the terminator. It’s the little half circle. The Jura Mountains ring the western edge and catch the morning sun. It looks like a smile. 🙂 This is one of my favorite lunar features to view and also to sketch.
Mare Imbrium is the large lunar mare just south (right) of Sinus Iridum. As the moon approaches full, the large craters Copernicus and Tycho take center stage. Moving left to right across the terminator we first see Copernicus. It’s 93 kilometers in diameter and its rays will be much more visible at full moon, thought they are impressive today, too!
Tycho lies in a field of craters near the south limb. Its massive ray system is beginning to appear. Watch it over the next few nights and trace the rays as they span over 1500 kilometers. Its diameter is 85 kilometers, which makes it a little smaller than Copernicus.
Closer to the terminator, another crater with spectacular rays at full moon appears tonight as a little white crater circle between Copernicus and the terminator. That’s Kepler! Oval Mare Humorum appears directly opposite Mare Crisium, and the look to be about the same size, which they actually are!. The small crater on the left edge of Mare Humorum is Gassendi, another lunar feature I love to sketch. Shickard is the final lunar feature on the right terminator. Wow! That was a lot of fun, to try to identify major features on a tiny 2-inch sketch! Full moon next!
Galileo’s Head of Orion clusterJane’s Head of Orion clusterAstrophoto of Orion Head cluster by Morris JonesMap of the constellation Orion
Galileo looked at the fuzzy patch surrounding the head of Orion through a telescope, and resolved many starts not previously known. He called it Nebulosa Orionis.
Look between the shoulder stars Betelgeuse and Bellatrix of the constellation Orion. The star you see with your unaided eye is Orion 39 or Lambda Orionis. Its Arabic name is Meissa. You can find this star on Galileo’s drawing by following the stars at the bottom of the drawing. The first star at left is 37 Phi1 Orionis. Three smaller stars follow. The next one is Meissa. It’s an amazing star! Surrounding the hot class O star (which also has a double) is a 150 light year ring of gas, which you can read about at Jim Kaler’s Stars website link above.
We now refer to the open cluster which contains this star as Collinder 69 or Sharpless 2-264.
Galileo’s drawingmy drawingmy sketch of Jupiter’s rotation
Galileo published his observations in Sidereus Nuncius in March 1610: “On the 7th day of January in the present year, 1610, in the first hour of the following night, when I was viewing the constellations of the heavons through a telescope, the planet Jupiter presented itself to my view, and as I had prepared for myself a very excellent instrument, I noticed a circumstance which I had never been able to notice before, namely that three little stars, small but very bright, were near the planet…When on January 8th, led by some fatality, I turned again to look at the same part of the heavens, I found a very different state of things, for there were three little stars all west of Jupiter, and nearer together than on the previous night.”
“I therefore concluded, and decided unhesitatingly, that there are three stars in the heavens moving about Jupiter, as Venus and Mercury around the Sun; which was at length established as clear as daylight by numerous other subsequent observations. These observations also established that there are not only three, but four, erratic sidereal bodies performing their revolutions around Jupiter.”
Every amateur or accidental astronomer who first views Jupiter and its lineup of moons, is amazed at the view. Galileo’s 1610 discovery of these four moons orbiting Jupiter changed history. Looking at the Jovian moons through a small telescope, while trying to imagine Galileo’s first observations, takes my breath away!
Night owls can enjoy the nine-day moon – it’s up all night long. In my sketch, the magnificent crater Copernicus is visible on the sunlit side of the terminator – on the right side of the lunar center. It looks so insignificant right now, but at full moon, its spendid ray system is a naked-eye delight! Tonight you see the deep crater floor half lit by the sun. Here’s a closeup of Copernicus sketched through a larger telescope at higher magnification (185x versus 19x on these full disk drawings) on nearly the same day of the lunar month.
From now until full moon, the dark lunar mare start to resemble creature features. I see half of the rabbit on the moon in my sketch. Mare Fecundatis and Mare Nectaris make the ears and Mare Tranquillatis (the Sea of Tranqulilty) makes a cute little bunny head. You can see other creatures in my February 2009 What’s Up podcast about the moon, linked below.
As we near the full moon, the sun angle is more direct and crater wall shadows disappear. There are some other craters on the terminator tonight, which will reveal their amazing ejecta rays in a few more days when the moon is full. Towards the left edge of the terminator, Tycho is half lit now, but at full moon, its rays extend 1000 km. The spectacular walled plain Clavius is just starting to reveal its beauty. Through a telescope, when the entire crater is visible, you’ll see a dozen smaller craters on its floor.
